Today in History, November 12th
On November 12, 1954, Ellis Island closed after 62 years. Plus Voyager 1 at Saturn and the first landing on a comet.
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November 12 is best known as the day Ellis Island closed in 1954, ending six decades as America’s busiest immigration gateway. The date also saw Voyager 1 sweep past Saturn in 1980 and Europe’s Philae probe make the first landing on a comet in 2014.
The big story: Ellis Island Closes Its Doors (1954)
For about 62 years, a small island in New York Harbor was where America checked in its newcomers. More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954, and in the peak years before World War I, the station handled about 1,900 people a day. The first arrival processed, on January 1, 1892, was Annie Moore, a 17-year-old from Ireland. By the 1950s, the flood had slowed to a trickle. On November 12, 1954, the federal government shut it down. The last person processed was Arne Peterssen, a Norwegian merchant seaman held for overstaying his shore leave. He was paroled to go home to Norway. A few weeks later, the ferry Ellis Island made its final run back to the empty island. Records even disagree on how to spell his name, which feels fitting for a place famous for paperwork.
More events on November 12
| Year | What happened |
|---|---|
| 1035 | Canute (Cnut), who ruled England, Denmark and Norway, died. |
| 1892 | The Allegheny Athletic Association paid William “Pudge” Heffelfinger $500 to play one game against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, the first documented payment to a pro football player. |
| 1912 | A search party in Antarctica found the tent holding the frozen bodies of Robert Falcon Scott and two companions, eight months after Scott’s last journal entry. |
| 1918 | Austria’s provisional National Assembly declared German-Austria a democratic republic as the Habsburg empire fell apart at the end of World War I. |
| 1948 | The Allied war crimes tribunal in Tokyo sentenced seven Japanese leaders to death, including wartime prime minister Hideki Tojo. |
| 1980 | Voyager 1 made its closest pass by Saturn, about 78,000 miles above the planet. |
| 1981 | Space shuttle Columbia launched on its second mission, showing that the shuttle could fly again. It was also the first flight of the shuttle’s robot arm. |
| 2001 | American Airlines Flight 587 crashed into Belle Harbor, Queens, shortly after takeoff, killing all 260 people aboard and five on the ground. |
| 2014 | The European Space Agency’s Philae lander touched down on comet 67P, the first spacecraft ever to land on a comet. |
Born on November 12
- 1815: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leader of the early American women’s rights movement.
- 1866: Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary leader often called the father of modern China.
- 1929: Grace Kelly, Oscar-winning actress who became Princess of Monaco.
- 1961: Nadia Comăneci, Romanian gymnast who scored the first perfect 10 at the Olympics.
Sources
- This Month in History: November, National Park Service
- Ellis Island’s First and Last Immigrants, History.com
- Canute I, Britannica
- Birth of Pro Football, Pro Football Hall of Fame
- When a Search Party Discovered the Frozen Body of a British Explorer, Smithsonian Magazine
- Austria: First Republic and the Anschluss, Britannica
- Japanese War Crimes Trial Begins, History.com
- Voyager 1, NASA
- Columbia’s Second Flight Proves Practicality of the Space Shuttle, EBSCO Research Starters
- American Airlines Flight 587, Baruch College, CUNY
- Philae comet landing, collectSPACE
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Britannica
- Sun Yat-sen, Britannica
- Grace Kelly, Britannica
- Nadia Comăneci, Britannica
I did not know hitler had been arrested for a coup, and he ended up as chancellor 20 years later? sounds fishy to me. sounds like someone else wanted him as chancellor of germany, what the agenda was I don’;t know. what is with these lone gunmen scenarios, I dont believe for one moment any of them (who just conveniently commit suicide) are doing it alone. or coming up with the idea to do something so horrific totally unaided by a third party. this site is very interesting, are you like a history teacher or history buff? I find history interesting, trouble is it is hard to know who is telling the truth and who isn’t.
Oh ya, his first attempt to take over was the Beer Hall Putsch, on November 8, 1923. While it was unsuccessful, many believe that through his trial, Hitler successfully started to spread his ideology and we saw the first glimpse of his propaganda techniques to come. While he was serving time in prison, he wrote his famous novel, Mein Kampf.
And to answer your other question: I am just a history lover; hopefully, an educator one day.
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